The objectives of this laboratory are to: The word polymer means many units. EPS has the lowest average R-value of the three types of rigid insulation foams at around R-4.5 per inch. Thus, m= 8(A C ) + 8(A H = (8)(12.01 g/mol) + (8)(1.008 g/mol) = 104.14 g/mol (b) We are However, it is the trademarked name for closed-cell extruded polystyrene foam made from thermal insulation. All the steps were performed at ambient conditions of moisture and pressure. When the polymer is formed, the C=C double bond in the monomer is replaced by a C-C single bond in the polymer repeat unit, which links by two new bonds to adjoining repeat units. He is passionate about green technology and is enthusiastic about the use of smart design, simulation, novel manufacturing techniques, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to find innovative solutions to the challenges humanity is facing such as climate change, the energy crisis, and pollution. High impact grades of polystyrene are modified with polybutadiene elastomers. Kindly comment on your questions and reviews in the comment box. Even though both share similar economic benefits, their application differs according to their physical properties, form, and manufacturing process. Thus, m = 8(AC) + 8(AH) Constitutional repeating unit (CRU): Most of these reactions can be placed in one of two classifications: chain-reaction polymerization and step-reaction polymerization. This reaction eventually leads to the formation of polystyrene, a portion of which is shown below. Polyethylene may be considered either as -[CH2-CH2-]n- with a repeat unit of -[CH2-CH2]-, or as [-CH2-]n-, with a repeat unit of -[CH2]-. WebWhich one of the following is the chemical formula for the repeating unit in polyethylene: (a) CH2, (b) C2H4, (c) C3H6, (d) C5H8, or (e) C8H8? Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. xko8{}m\c4SCE.A3rwX&l~\d'i90[7zpv{X>{*{==?awg"+3.GV3hd?:*_B*gE#;-> ^HAPWq^\[aiH}8xGHDtcb{`$2-6q,E+NAZ{jw4l`97>Ib5+q gBDI>H;5lPCVm 8.F4P4]OV{T0n7@i-Dk\|kgZ*E.ZFnQwT'}, tKoh} i8Q=M~nSbu*6d][mP`fam#V\1;Bded97|>,YL}^X2Z`vUcQw37vZ7{PouKYNfHSX%RJ@+f) It can be solvent bonded though care should be used so as not to cause any environmental stress cracking. ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The material is recyclable but very expensive\nHarmful to environment\nSusceptible to UV degradation.\nWeak chemical resistance to organics.\nHigh flammability. ), but comparatively little from food packaging usage. The initial shift in color after the 100 kGy radiation dose returns close to the original color within a week [89]. Then heat and stem will be applied to the mold which will cause the small beads to expand and join together. WebPolymers can form a range of structures and possibly contain more than one type of repeat unit. Safety ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"104.1 g/mol"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What is the difference between polystyrene and expanded polystyrene? What is the difference between polystyrene and expanded polystyrene? Sometimes plastic containers are made from two polymers and not just one. [2], Constitutional unit: WebPolymer chains with longer monomer units have more potential fragmentation sites within each repeat unit, and thus, the alphabetic nomenclature is adjusted accordingly (cf. Wind turbines and corrosion-resistant pipes can also be made of polystyrene. WebAtomic structure and bonding: Polystyrene Polystyrene is a polymer made up of repeating units of the monomer styrene, which has a molecular formula of C8H8. In the table, R and R' stand for organic groups. GLOBAL CONSUMPTION, MARKETS & CAPACITY OF POLYSTYRENE Polystyrene Market:Vohame by Polymers Growth 65% Construction packaging a Others EPS Global by production in 2014 Europe Russia >> Polystyrene is also used in the process called structural foam molding. A few other important vinyl monomers are listed below4. The eventual result is a polyester called poly(ethylene terephthalate) or more commonly, PET. Unlike polystyrene, polypropylene is more resistant to UV and organic solvents. Oriented polystyrene is formed by stretching the polystyrene sheet in the transverse direction, which toughens what would otherwise be a more brittle thin-gauge sheet. Building walls & roofings, refrigerators, freezers, cold storage facilities, etc. The polymer is formed by the condensation reaction of the two monomers terephthalic acid (HOOC-C6H4-COOH) and ethylene glycol (HO-CH2- What are the disadvantages of Polystyrene? televisions, computers, routers, printers, set-up boxes, etc. a flexible, expandable bag for carrying items? Injection molded high-heat crystal grades are typically used in applications such as medical products, packaging, housewares, office accessories, and compact disc containers. A major portion of HIPS is used in food packaging such as yogurt containers, drinking cups, toys, refrigerator linings, audio and video equipment. That produces a closed-cell rigid insulation\n\nTalking about expanded polystyrene, it is manufactured by a mold to keep small foam beads. High impact polystyrene is manufactured by the inclusion of a rubber like polybutadiene during polymerization. Polystyrene is not resistant to aromatic, aliphatic, and chlorinated organic solvents. The Jumi Application is Unpublished or Removed, International Alcoholic Beverages Expo, Guizhou, CHINA. Record whether the sample sinks rapidly, sinks slowly, floats on the surface, or floats below the surface (but doesnt sink to bottom). polymer that is composed of more than one type of monomer. Polystyrene is manufactured through an extrusion process. WebStep 1/3. xZ[s~@ Examples of addition polymers: polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene (Monomers and polymers can have any functional group) For the exam, be able to recognize the polymer when the monomers are The high repeating unit of polystyrene is one o the main reason for its high number of applications. The subscript "n" denotes the degree of polymerisation, that is, the number of units linked together. The difference between polystyrene and polypropylene is their durability; unlike polystyrene, polypropylene is resistant to more forms of damage. Many foods are packaged in clear, vacuum-formed polystyrene trays, owing to the high gas permeability and good water-vapour transmission of the material. 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Lets have a look at them. A repeat unit is sometimes called a mer (or mer unit). "Mer" originates from the Greek word meros, which means "a part". The word polymer derives its meaning from this, which means "many mers". A repeat unit (mer) is not to be confused with the term monomer, which refers to the small molecule from which a polymer is synthesized. "}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What are the disadvantages of Polystyrene? Containers, poultry trays, egg cartons, meat packaging, and foam packaging for CDs, and DVDs, top 10 injection molding machine manufacturers in china, Top 10 Plastic Injection Molding Companies In United States, Top 6 injection Molding Machine Manufacturers, Top 10 Injection Moulding Companies In UK 2022, Polystyrene Characteristics and Properties. Additional support was provided by the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation. G.R. Styrene is an aromatic monomer and PS is an aromatic polymer. Koerner, in Geosynthetics in Civil Engineering, 2007. Which of the Big Six plastics was the most flexible? Polystyrene can be represented using a shorthand notation. From: Geosynthetics in Civil Engineering, 2007, DrAdrian Merrington, in Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook, 2011. Use these samples to analyze physical characteristics of each type of plastic: recyclability, opacity, durability/hardness, and flexibility. Extruded grades can be used in trays and packaging. More complex repeat units can occur in vinyl polymers -[CH2-CHR]n-, if one hydrogen in the ethylene repeat unit is substituted by a larger fragment R. Polypropylene -[CH2-CH(CH3)]n- has the repeat unit -[CH2-CH(CH3)]. It also features low shrinkage during the plastic injection molding process. For example, in polyethylene terephthalate (PET or "polyester"), the repeat unit is -CO-C6H4-CO-O-CH2-CH2-O-. Many of the applications for PS are single use and disposable. Syndiotactic polystyrene is a new semicrystalline engineering polymer and is produced by a continuous polymerization process using metallocene catalysts similar to those used for polyolefins. The structure of a short section of polystyrene is shown below. Polystyrene is typically not used where biocompatibility is a requirement. Hurdles to PS recycling are similar to those for PP. HIPS does not warp but needs a heated build plate to allow 3D printing. Polystyrene is another thermoplastic film with excellent transparency, with a high tensile strength but giving a poor barrier to moisture vapor and gases (Benning 1983; Kader et al. Polystyrene is usually combined or co-polymerized with other compounds to form plastics with improved properties. Since there are two backbone bonds per repeat unit, the average molar mass per backbone We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. The polymer is formed by the condensation reaction of the two monomers terephthalic acid (HOOC-C6H4-COOH) and ethylene glycol (HO-CH2-CH2-OH), or their chemical derivatives. Both polypropylene and polystyrene can be foamed. Moreover, polystyrene is the base material for various co-polymerization processes to produce better plastics with unique properties. Routes to recycle solid PS include the basic wash, dry, and pelletize route described earlier but EPS typically requires a densification process to be applied. Which of the Big Six plastics would be the best material for each of the following examples? Use the ruler and hold the ball at a height of 30 cm (=12 in) above the bench. Web1st step All steps Final answer Step 1/3 (a) To calculate the concentration of initiator required to prepare polystyrene with a number average molar mass of 750 kg/mol, we can use the following equation: M n = f M i 1 f Explanation: WebPolystyrene is a polymer made up of repeating units of the monomer styrene, which has a molecular formula of C8H8. 3.21. Molecular weight of repeat unit: 104.1 g/mol. Web14.4 (a) Compute the repeat unit molecular weight of polystyrene. Koerner, R.M. Chemistry questions and answers. Suggest a way to separate it commercially from other waste plastics. No materials used in this experiment should be ingested. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Use short names to identify each plastic (e.g. For the bouncy balls you made, what is the name of the monomer? PS for architectural and engineering applications can also be extruded into forms of standard cross-sections or into sheets with various patterns. Push each piece under the liquid surface with a glass stirring rod. Is polystyrene really capable of high-end engineering applications? Both polystyrene and polypropylene are polymers, i.e., large molecules with repeating smaller structural units or monomers. Table 6.30. How many monomers are present? In table 1 gives the global PS and HIPS use for the main markets. Chain-reaction polymerization, sometimes called addition polymerization, requires an initiator to start the growth of the reaction. The most common use of PS in geosynthetics is as expanded PS, which is a mixture of about 5% PS and 95% air. 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